What is Artificial Intelligence: History,Working, Advantages and Disadvantages

What Is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence(AI) is a technology that's already impacting how users interact with and are affected by the internet. 

within the near future, its impact is probably going to only still grow. AI has the potential to vastly change the way that humans interact, not only with the digital world but also with each other, through their work and through other socioeconomic institutions – for better or for worse. If we are to make sure that the impact of AI will be positive, it'll be essential that each one stakeholder participates in the debates surrounding AI.

How Did Artificial Intelligence Originate?

At least since the first century BCE, humans are intrigued by the chance of creating machines that mimic the human brain. In the modern world, the term AI was coined in 1955 by John McCarthy. In 1956, McCarthy and others organized a conference titled the “Dartmouth Summer scientific research on artificial intelligence.” This beginning led to the creation of machine learning, deep learning, predictive analytics, and now to prescriptive analytics. It also gave rise to an entirely new field of study, data science.

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How Artificial Intelligence Works?

• AI works by combining large amounts of data with fast, iterative processing and intelligent algorithms, allowing the software to find out automatically from patterns or features in the data. AI is a broad field of study that has many theories, methods, and technologies, as well as the following major subfields:
• Machine learning automates analytical model building. It uses methods from neural networks, statistics, research, and physics to find hidden insights in data without explicitly being programmed for where to look or what to conclude.
• A neural network is a type of machine learning that is made up of interconnected units (like neurons) that processes information by responding to external inputs, relaying information between each unit. the method requires multiple passes at the data to find connections and derive meaning from undefined data.
• Deep learning uses huge neural networks with many layers of processing units, taking advantage of advances in computing power and improved training techniques to learn complex patterns in large amounts of data. Common applications include image and speech recognition.
• Cognitive computing is a subfield of AI that strives for a natural, human-like interaction with machines. Using AI and cognitive computing, the ultimate goal is for a machine to simulate human processes through the ability to interpret images and speech – then speak coherently in response.
• Computer vision relies on pattern recognition and deep learning to recognize what’s in a picture or video. When machines can process, analyze and understand images, they will capture images or videos in real-time and interpret their surroundings.
• Natural language processing (NLP) is the ability of computers to research, understand and generate human language, including speech. successive stage of NLP is natural language interaction, which allows humans to communicate with computers using normal, everyday language to perform tasks.

Cases used by Artificial Intelligence

Virtual customer assistance (VCA). Call centers use VCA to predict and reply to customer inquiries outside of human interaction. Voice recognition, coupled with simulated human dialog, is the first point of interaction in a customer service inquiry. Higher-level inquiries are redirected to a human.

Fraud detection. The financial services industry uses AI in two ways. Initial scoring of applications for credit uses AI to know creditworthiness. More advanced AI engines are employed to monitor and detect fraudulent payment card transactions in real-time.

What are the challenges of using Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence goes to vary in every industry, but we've to know its limits. The principal limitation of AI is that it learns from the data. there's no other way in which knowledge can be incorporated. which means any inaccuracies in the data will be reflected in the results. And any additional layers of prediction or analysis need to be added separately.

Today’s AI systems are trained to do a clearly defined task. The system that plays poker cannot play solitaire or chess. The system that detects fraud cannot drive a car or offer you legal advice. In fact, an AI system that detects health care fraud cannot accurately detect tax fraud or warranty claims fraud. In other words, these systems are very, very specialized. they're focused on one task and are faraway from behaving like humans. Likewise, self-learning systems aren't autonomous systems. The imagined AI technologies that you just see in movies and television are still science fiction. But computers that can probe complex data to learn and perfect specific tasks are getting quite common.

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Advantages of Artificial Intelligence 

• Reduces Human Error - Humans make mistakes from time to time. Computers, however, don't make these mistakes if they're programmed properly. With AI, the decisions are taken from the previously gathered information applying a particular set of algorithms. So errors are reduced and the chance of reaching accuracy with a greater degree of precision is a possibility.
• Takes risks instead of Humans - This is one of the most important advantages of AI. we are able to overcome many risky limitations of humans by developing an AI The robot which successively can do the risky things for us. Let it's going to mars, defuse a bomb, explore the deepest parts of oceans, mining for coal and oil, it can be used effectively in any kind of natural or man-made disasters.
• Availability - An average human will work for 4–6 hours daily excluding the breaks. Humans are inbuilt such a way to get some time out for refreshing themselves and get ready for a new day of work and they even have weekly offed to remain intact with their work-life and personal life. But using AI we can make machines work 24x7 without any breaks and they don’t even get bored, unlike humans.
• Digital Assistance - A number of highly advanced organizations use digital assistants to interact with users which saves the need for human resources. The digital assistants are also used in many websites to provide things that users want. we can chat with them about what we are trying to find. Some chatbots are designed in such a way that it’s become hard to determine that we’re chatting with a chatbot or a human being.
• Decisions making - Using AI alongside other technologies we can make machines take decisions faster than a human and perform actions quicker. While taking a decision humans will analyze many factors both emotionally and practically but The AI-powered machine works on what it's programmed and delivers the results in a faster way.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence 

• High Costs of Creation  - As AI is updating every day the hardware and software need to get updated with time to satisfy the latest requirements. Machines need repair and maintenance which require many costs. Its creation requires huge costs as its very complex machines.
• Lacking of thinking something unique - Machines can perform only those tasks which they're designed or programmed to do, anything out of that they have a tendency to crash or give irrelevant outputs which could be a significant backdrop.
• No Feelings and Emotions - There's little question that machines are much better when it comes to working efficiently but they can't replace the human the connection that creates the team. Machines cannot develop a bond with humans which is an important attribute when comes to Team Management.
• Making Us Lazy - AI is making humans lazy with its applications automating the bulk of the work. Humans tend to get addicted to these inventions which may cause a problem to future generations.